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Prague Astronomical Clock History: A Timeless Wonder

The Astronomical Clock, one of Prague’s most iconic landmarks, is over 600 years old and ranks among the oldest functional astronomical clocks in the world. Situated on the south wall of the Old Town Hall in the city’s historic Old Town Square, this impressive clock is renowned for its elaborate Gothic carvings and intricate design. It features two detailed dials: an astronomical dial and a calendar dial, along with an hourly spectacle of animated figurines that attract crowds worldwide.

What is the origin of the Prague Astronomical Clock?

Early History of the Astronomical Clock

The origins of the Astronomical Clock remain somewhat mysterious. However, the earliest known historical reference to the clock dates back to October 9, 1410. It was installed by clockmaker Mikuláš of Kadaň and astronomer and scientist Jan Šindel. Mikuláš was granted a house near Havel’s Gate (now located near the Můstek metro station), along with a one-time payment of 3,000 groschen and an annual salary of 600 groschen for the clock’s maintenance.

Hanuš’s enhancements to the Astronomical Clock

Hanuš enhanced the main dial by adding more astronomical features, bringing the clock closer to its present form. He also introduced the skeleton figure on the right side of the main dial, which came to be known as Klapáček (the Clapper) due to its jaws opening and closing every hour. Additionally, Hanuš created the first calendar dial for the clock.

Animated figures and new additions

The next significant upgrade occurred in 1659, as the country began to recover from the devastation of the Thirty Years' War, which ended in 1648. The clock underwent extensive repairs and was further enhanced with the addition of animated wooden figures. These figures were designed to represent some of humanity's darkest traits: Vanity, holding a small silver mirror; Greed, clutching a bag of coins; and the Turk, playing a lute, a figure steeped in political incorrectness.

Revival and restoration of the Astronomical Clock

Throughout the 18th century, the clock was at risk of being removed, as many viewed it as an outdated and broken relic. However, by the 19th century, during the National Revival, public opinion shifted, and the clock's value was recognized. In 1866, it was restored, with artist Josef Mánes contributing a new calendar dial (now a replica, with the original in the City of Prague Museum). It's also likely during this time that the twelve Apostles statues were added, parading past the windows every hour. With the clock nearly complete, the final touch was added in 1882 during another reconstruction of the Old Town Hall: the golden rooster.

Prague Astronomical Clock today

The Astronomical Clock is undoubtedly one of Prague's most beloved attractions. Beyond telling the time, it also displays the days of the week, the sidereal time, and the positions of the moon and sun. Every hour, a crowd of tourists gathers in front of the clock to witness the spectacle of the apostles greeting the onlookers below. It’s hard to miss—just follow the crowd of visitors heading to Old Town Square a few minutes before the hour.

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Frequently asked questions about Prague Astronomical Clock history

Prague's Astronomical Clock, or Orloj, displays the positions of the Sun, Moon, Earth, and Zodiac constellations. It tells the time, shows the date, and offers a captivating hourly show. It’s also one of the oldest functioning clocks in the world.